Concepts of Computer Networking

Ideas of Computer Networking Part 1: NETWORKING CONCEPTS Systems administration BASICS: At its most rudimentary level, a PC arrange comprises of two PCs associated with one another by a link that permits them to share information. All PC organizing, regardless of how refined stems from that straightforward framework. While interfacing two PCs by a link may not appear to be remarkable, inretrospect it has demonstrated to be a significant accomplishment in correspondences. PC organizing emerged as a response to the need to share information in an ideal manner. PCs are incredible assets that can procedure and control a lot of information rapidly, yet they don't permit clients to share that information effectively. Prior to systems, clients required either to print out records or duplicate archive documents to a circle for others to alter or utilize them. In the event that others made changes tothe record, there was no simple method to combine the changes. This was, and still is, known as working in an independent domain. Kinds OF NETWORKS: PC systems can be arranged in the accompanying kinds. Neighborhood (LAN): A neighborhood (LAN) supplies organizing capacity to a gathering of PCs in nearness to one another, for example, in a place of business, a school, or a home. A LAN is valuable for sharing assets like records, printers, games or different applications. A LAN thusly frequently associates with different LANs, and to the Internet . The most widely recognized sort of neighborhood is an Ethernet LAN. The littlest home LAN can have precisely two PCs; a huge LAN can suit a large number of PCs. Numerous LANs are partitioned into consistent gatherings called subnets. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN): MAN represents metropolitan territory arrange .It is a system of gadgets inside a zone of one to ten kilometers or with in a city. It might be a solitary system, for example, a digital telecom company or it might be a methods for associating various LANs into a bigger system with the goal that assets might be shared LAN to LAN just as gadget to gadget. WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN): A WAN represent wide territory organize .It is spread all through the world. A WAN that is entirely claimed and utilized by a solitary organization is frequently alluded to as an undertaking system. It can interface PCs and different gadgets on inverse sides of the world. A WAN is comprised of various interconnected LANs. Maybe a definitive WAN is the Internet. INTRANET: Anintranetis a privatecomputer networkthat usesInternet Protocoltechnologies to safely share any piece of an associations data or operational frameworks inside that association. The term is utilized conversely tointernet, a system among associations, and rather alludes to a system inside an association. Some of the time the term alludes just to the associations internalwebsite, yet might be an increasingly broad piece of the associations data innovation foundation. It might have different private sites and comprise a significant part and point of convergence of inner correspondence and joint effort. EXTRANET: Anextranetis a private system that usesInternet protocols,networkconnectivity. An extranet can be seen as a major aspect of a companysintranetthat is stretched out to clients outside the organization, for the most part by means of theInternet. It has likewise been portrayed as a perspective in which the Internet is seen as an approach to work with a chose set of different organizations (business-to-business, B2B), in separation from all other Internet clients. In contrast,business-to-consumer(B2C) models include known servers of at least one organizations, speaking with already obscure purchaser clients. INTERNETWORK: An Internetwork is an assortment of at least two LANs associated by WANs. Internworks are alluded to reciprocally as information systems or basically organizes. The most famous internetwork is the Internet which is available to open. Segments OF NETWORK: An information correspondence framework has two fundamental parts:- Equipment COMPONENTS: Gadgets and media are the physical components or equipment of the system Hradware is regularly the obvious parts of the system stage, for example, a PC, a PC or swtich and so forth used to interface the gadgets. Ocassionally a few segments probably won't be so obvious. Gadgets: Gadgets of the system can be of two kinds that are the end gadgets and the delegate gadgets, we clarify both the sorts:- END USER DEVICES: An end use gadget alludes to a bit of hardware that is either the ousce or the goal of a message on a system. System clients usaully just observe or contact an end gadget, which is frequently a PC. Another would generic be able to term for an end gadget that sends or gets messages is a host. E.g host and end gadgets are Printers, Computers, Scanners, Webcams and so forth. Delegate DEVICES: Delegate gadgets associate the indivisual hosts to the system or can interface different systems to shape an internetwork. Go-between gadgets are not no different. Some work inside the LAN to perfom exchanging capacities and others help course messages between systems. Case of middle person gadgets are Switches, Hubs and Routers and so forth. System MEDIA: Correspondence over a system is carried on a medium. The medium gives the channel over which the message ventures out from source to goal. The three principle sorts of media being used in a system are: COPPER: A bent pair link typically utilized as a medium inside a LAN situation. FIBEROPTICS: Comprised of glass or plastic filaments in a vinyl covering generally utilized for long runs in a LAN and as a trunk. Remote: It associates nearby clients through air utilizing electromagnetic waves. Programming COMPONENTS: Programming segments can be separated in to two sections, administrations and procedures. Administrations: A system administration give data in responce to a solicitation. Administrations incorporate a significant number of the regular netowrk applications individuals utilize each day, similar to email facilitating administrations and web facilitating administrations. For an occurrence we can take case of YAHOO venture, they give mail benefits just as web administrations, there are various organizations offering these sort of administrations. Procedures: Procedures give the funtionality that coordinates and moves the messages through the system. Procedures are more subtle to us ut are basic to the opeation of systems. For instance seeing a site page summons one system process, tapping on a hyperlink makes an internet browser speak with a web server, similarly many system procedures can occur simultaneously. System TOPOLOGIES: Topology of a system is the geometrical portrayal of the relationship of the considerable number of connections and connecting gadgets to each other. PHYSICAL TOPOLOGIES: There are four essential physical topologies conceivable work, star, transport, and ring. Work TOPOLOGY: In a work topology each gadget has a committed point to direct association toward each other gadget .A completely associated work arrange hence has n(n-1)/2 physical channels to interface n gadgets . STAR TOPOLOGY: In star topology every gadget has a devoted point to point association just to a focal controller as a rule called a center point . The gadgets are not legitimately associated with one another .Unlike a work topology ,a star topology doesn't permit direct traffic between gadgets the controller goes about as a trade : on the off chance that one gadget needs to send information to another it sends the information to the controller which at that point transfers the information to the next associated gadget. Transport TOPOLOGY: A transport topology then again is multi point one long link goes about as a spine to interface all the gadgets in a system hubs are associated with the transport link by drop lines and taps a drop line is an association running between the gadgets and the principle link a tap is a connector that either joins into the fundamental link or punctures the sheathing of a link to make a contact with the metallic center. RING TOPOLOGY: In a ring topology every gadget has a committed point to point association just with the two gadgets on either side of it . A sign is passed along the ring one way from gadget to gadget until it scopes to its goal conventions. Intelligent TOPOLOGIES: The Logical topology characterizes how the frameworks impart over the physical topologies. There are two principle sorts of sensible topologies: Mutual MEDIA TOPOLOGY: In a mutual media topology, all the frameworks can get to the physical format at whatever point they need it. The primary favorable position in a mutual media topology is that the frameworks have unlimited access to the physical media. Obviously, the primary impediment to this topology is impacts. On the off chance that two frameworks send data out on the wire simultaneously, the parcels impact and murder the two bundles. Ethernet is a case of a common media topology. TOKEN BASED TOPOLOGY: The token-based topology works by utilizing a token to give access to the physical media. In a token-based system, there is a symbolic that movements around the system. At the point when a framework needs to convey bundles, it gets the token off of the wire, joins it to the parcels that are sent, and sends it pull out of the wire. As the symbolic goes around the system, every framework looks at the token. At the point when the bundles show up at the goal frameworks, those frameworks duplicate the data off of the wire and the symbolic proceeds with its excursion until it returns to the sender. At the point when the sender gets the token back, it removes the token from the wire and conveys another unfilled token to be utilized by the following machine. Conventions: In data innovation, a convention (from the Greek protocollon, which was a leaf of paper stuck to an original copy volume, portraying its substance) is the uncommon arrangement of decides that end focuses in a media transmission association use when they impart. Conventions exist at a few levels in a media transmission association. For instance, there are conventions for the information exchange at the equipment gadget level and conventions for information trade at the application program level. In the st

Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Container of Amontillado by Edgar Allen Poe - Essay Example This examination will start with the explanation that Poe controls the story to suit his needs using the perspective introduced as first-individual narration.â The focal storyteller, Montressor, presents the story at an individual perspective. The readers’ conclusion is defiled by the narrator’s recognition towards Fortunato. The initial line of the story is intended to draw the perusers into supporting his activities, â€Å"The thousand wounds of Fortunato I had borne admirably well, yet when he wandered upon affront, I promised revenge†. The utilization of focal storyteller influences the enthusiastic connection that the peruser feels upon a character. His endeavor to catch readers’ support is vital. Be that as it may, perusers don't comprehend what Fortunato had done to the storyteller or if the storyteller is attempting to make a scene in his psyche. The peruser turns out to be significantly progressively confounded in light of the fact that all the story occasions are brought to the fore by the storyteller. Montresor exploits the portrayal job to legitimize his activities just as changing the readers’ demeanor towards Fortunato.  The story is told from the narrator’s perspective to build the evil and regret that the peruser feels. The storyteller attempts to occupy the peruser away from understanding the backwards nature of his conduct. He recommends that walling-off Fortunato brings satisfaction.â The storyteller is effective in walling-off Fortunato in a genial way without battle or obstruction being set up by Fortunato, â€Å"The Amontillado!’ discharged my companion, not yet recuperated from his astonishment† (532). In the event that the writer had Fortunato oppose or show any outrage, the demonstration could have adversely influenced the reader’s state of mind. The effect of the scene is additionally upgraded through portrayal by the prompt calming down of Fortunato, â€Å"It was no t the call of a plastered man† (532). Utilization of focal portrayal demonstrates that the story rotates around the internal dread and the natural malice that exists in individuals. It permits the perusers peer inside the storytellers, just as the author’s, brain and condition. Utilization of first individual portrayal is identified with the possibility that recounting to the story from the victim’s point of view would not depict the noteworthy characteristics to the readers’ consideration. The storyteller can draw out the genuine clearness of the dim story, chilling tension and welcome the reader’s into the figuring and cold brain of Montresor. The point by point first individual portrayal uncovers the author’s goal of making the perusers judge the storyteller; not feel for him. First individual portrayal is utilized to show that vengeance is unimaginable because of a man’s internal identity. This style likewise permits the peruser to comprehend the character’s internal battles and choices, â€Å"You, who so surely understand the idea of my spirit, won't assume, anyway that I offered articulation to a threat† (528). The utilization of a character’s perspective is wonderful on the grounds that it brings-out different subjects, for example, mercilessness and lack of care. The portrayal helps in the outflow of the author’s internal most emotions comparable to the principle subject of the artistic article. The utilization of the primary individual portrayal by Poe depicts a few parts of meta-fiction qualities. A large portion of the thoughts being stated by the storyteller radiates from the creator. The story portrayal could be an admission or the storyteller could be boasting. Something else, for what reason would it be advisable for it to be back dated for 50 years? Moreover, he shouts, â€Å"In pace requiescat!† toward the finish of the story (533). This shows he could be encouraging his spirit subsequent to making a multi year old admission. Since I was unable to stop for Death by Emily Dickinson is additionally a first individual portrayal that summons debate. This is on the grounds that it presents a multidimensional and complex perspective on an idea that is strange to most perusers: demise. Much the same as on account of The Cask of Amontillado by Poe, the creator appears to communicate his sentiments and inward considerations through

Shuttle Wagons Project Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Transport Wagons Project Plan - Essay Example After culmination, the passage is intended to join the United Kingdom and France. It will be the longest submerged passage in the entire world with an all out length of 50 kilometers. The passage is inalienably a rail transport framework, which will empower Eurotunnel, to benefit a jump on transport administration for the ordinary street vehicles between the two terminals. Task foundation Eurotunnel contracted TransManche Link (TML) for the structure of the channel burrow. TML then subcontracted distinctive move stun fabricates for the structures of the Shuttle Wagons. The venture had a tight timescale and had overwhelming exchanged harms that were related with the deferrals. This paper takes a gander at the plan and the assembling of the vehicle vehicles called the Shuttle Wagons. The principal half of the traveler transports contains a train, twelve single deck wagons for the mentors, the off-stacked wagon, and a loader wagon. The other half is contained a comparable structure yet has a two-level arrangement of wagons for vehicles. Each single deck is intended to convey a mentor while the twofold deck wagons are intended to convey a limit of five vehicles in each deck, which indicates ten out of a solitary wagon (Harris, 2006 p32). The wagons were intended to encase the travelers in the vehicles giving an imperviousness to fire to thirty minutes. The explanation behind this structure was that the excursion starting with one terminal then onto the next takes around five minutes. On the off chance that, by some coincidence, a fire began at the time the van enters the passage, the fire would be contained up to the time the bus will arrive at the opposite finish of the passage. The approach of keeping the travelers in the bus until the wagon arrived at its goal empowers any remaining episode to be managed in the extraordinarily planned crisis siding (Harris, 2006 p67). There was the need to have a drive on and off framework that necessary the unhindered access to the whole length of the twelve wagon units during the stacking and the emptying procedure. The plan idea likewise required every wagon to act naturally contained with a fire opposing fenced in area for the entire excursion; it was fundamental to have fire screens toward the finish of every wagon. ID of task the board related issues The structure parameters turned into a test and needed to guarantee that there is least bulge into the wagon by and by. The structure additionally needed to fuse go entryways through which travelers were required to clear if there should arise an occurrence of crises like a fire episode, it has at least 30 minutes of imperviousness to fire and could withstand the weight system of the van going along the passage. The screens likewise needed to have a base spillage rate to keep up the least fire quenching grouping of Halon inside the Wagon (Harris, 2006 p67). The significant parts of the plan activity and development of the channel burrow required the endo rsement of the intergovernmental commission. The significant center, toward the start of the task, was on the wellbeing, security, protection, and the ecological issues. This shows from the outset the plan parameters were not sure during the planning stage (Harris, 2006 p45). Somewhat in the center of the venture, it became developed that the plan changes

How To Be Productive While Procrastinating

Everyone procrastinates. Don’t pretend you don’t. Sometimes you really, really, really don’t want to do work, even though you have to. Here are some ways to be somewhat productive, even though you aren’t doing homework. Get your email under control Most of our inboxes are flooded with messages we need to respond to, events we need to rsvp to, or other miscellaneous things we need to organize. Get yourself online self together and under control and you may feel more in the mood to work. Nap If you’re a student, chances are you need to get more sleep than you’re getting. Taking a nap feels so good, and it’s good for your health. It will also energize you so that you’ll be able to do more work later in the night. Clean up Clean your room, organize your desk, or do your laundry. There’s probably some chore you need to be doing, so why not get it done while you’re procrastinating? You’ll also feel more accomplished and motivated after you complete a task like this. Organize your studying Even if you don’t want to do the homework itself, you can at least plan it out. Make to-do lists and schedules. You’ll feel more under control and will at least be able to commit to getting something done at some point.

The Theme of Freedom in The Adventures of Huckleberry...

Freedom is what defines an individual, it bestows upon someone the power to act, speak, or think without externally imposed restraints. Therefore, enslavement may be defined as anything that impedes one’s ability to express their freedoms. However, complete uncompromised freedom is virtually impossible to achieve within a society due to the contrasting views of people. Within Mark Twain’s 1885 novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, numerous controversies are prevalent throughout the novel, primarily over the issue of racism and the general topic of enslavement. The characters in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn along with their development take an unmistakable, resilient stand against racism and by doing such in direct relation†¦show more content†¦He like the majority of the Deep South’s population was forced to submit to popular religion in the form of Christianity, being racist and not being able to criticize the institution of slavery, as well as acting like a â€Å"proper† boy and being civilized with manors, rules, and restrictions. However, he is the polar opposite of the ideals expressed by his society. Huck is forced to reside with Widow Douglas, he describes the experience in the first chapter, â€Å"She took me†¦ allowed she would sivilize me; but it was rough living in the house all the time †¦ I wanted to smoke, and asked the widow to let me. But she wouldnt. She said†¦ I must try to not do it any more.† (Twain, 2). In this particular environment, Huck is forcefully civilized by the Widow Douglas as well as Miss Watson. This essentially shows an indirect form of slavery in which Huck is forced to do as society and his elders dictate regardless of what he believes in which many of us are also subject to. This enslaves him and leads him to decide that he needs to relocate himself as far away from society as possible. Therefore, he forges his death and runs away meeting Jim on the way. This idea of Huck being controlled by society influences him through the novel, for instance he thinks about turning Jim in because it is wrong to steal since Jim isShow MoreRelatedCompare and Contrast the Representation of the Figure of the Slave, and of the Theme of Freedom, in Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative† and Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†.1445 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresentation of the figure of the slave, and of the theme of freedom, in Douglass’s â€Å"Narrative† and Twain’s â€Å"Adventures of Huckleberry Finn†. The two novels that I am studying are â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, and â€Å"The Narrative of Frederick Douglass – Written by Himself†. Both these texts give us an insight into the life of slavery and the societal beliefs of the South in America in the nineteenth century. The theme of freedom and the figure of the slave are two common aspectsRead MoreThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain952 Words   |  4 Pagesand to gain their freedom. Sometimes physical objects can resemble the feelings that a person is feeling. Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn he uses the raft, the land, and the river to represent the theme of wanting freedom. In the novel The adventures of Huckleberry Finn there is a theme of wanting freedom, as the story goes on the raft can be a symbol of the theme. The first time that Huck goes aways is right before Pap comes home, this is Huck first chance of freedom because he usesRead MoreR acial Integrity Act Of 1924 And Mildred Loving1479 Words   |  6 Pagesquo of race has been challenged. This couple, along with others, disregarded the norm of opposing interracial relationships, and above all chose love as the only thing that matters. In the play, Othello by William Shakespeare, the book Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and the article, â€Å"The Meaning Of Serena Williams† by Claudia Rankine, race is a major topic, and it is continuously argued in different ways. The status quo of race is challenged in these written pieces through the use ofRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1130 Words   |  5 Pagesordinary people and freedom in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Civil War and the Industrialization of America were historic to the rise of the realistic period, and contributed to the shaping of it. The authors developed the period with an emphasis on regionalism, transparent language, and character. Comm on themes of racism, class, and freedom emerge during realism. Mark Twain s novel demonstrates the subjects of racism and freedom. As an impact of these themes, Huck s view on JimRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn And Its Characterization951 Words   |  4 PagesBouchey Eng. Hon. 2nd 3 March 2016 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its Characterization In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, there is a large use of characterization to develop the characters and is influenced by the time period. Mark Twain was born in 1835, and lived to see the Civil War start. This is a big influence on his writing, because his two most famous works, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. They both take place in the time beforeRead MoreGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and THe Adventures of Hckleberry Finn by Mark Twain669 Words   |  3 PagesGreat Expectations by Charles Dickens and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain are both timeless novels written by well-known authors. In both novels the main character finds himself on a journey where he goes through many ups and downs until he reaches his â€Å"final destination.† While the novels have their similarities they also have many differences. In his writing, Charles Dickens chose to take a more romantic route while Mark Twain c hose to be more realistic in his work. Despite theirRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1423 Words   |  6 PagesDreyson Clark Bouchey 2nd Period English 1 Honors 03/02/2016 1884, secret slavery is still going on. In this book The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain was a prime example of how most children were raised to be and how it produced a wrong perception on slaves. Mark Twain wrote The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn because of a direct effect off of his personal experiences in his time. Any difference in another human shouldn’t determine greeting or befriending another person was the messageRead MoreEssay Symbolism: the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1207 Words   |  5 Pagesor relationships (Dictionary.com). Numerous authors use the same denotations to illustrate different thoughts or ideas. Mark Twain uses various symbols, such as the river and the land to expose freedom and trouble in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, uses various concrete objects, such as rivers, to symbolize a diverse range of feelings, emotions, and even actions. The ultimate symbol in the novel is the Mississippi River. RiversRead MoreHuck Finn River Symbolism1067 Words   |  5 PagesIn ï ¿ ½The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnï ¿ ½, the Mississippi River plays several roles and holds a prominent theme throughout much of the story as a whole. Huckleberry Finn and Jim are without a doubt the happiest and most a peace when floating down the river on their raft. However, the river has a much deeper meaning than just a compilation of water. It almost goes to an extent of having its own personality and character traits. The river offers a place for the two characters, Huck and Jim, to escapeRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn1212 Words   |  5 Pagesor relationships (Dictionary.com). Numerous authors use the same denotations to illustrate differ ent thoughts or ideas. Mark Twain uses various symbols, such as the river and the land to expose freedom and trouble in his novel, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain, uses various concrete objects, such as rivers, to symbolize a diverse range of feelings, emotions, and even actions. The ultimate symbol in the novel is the Mississippi River. Rivers

Essay on Standardized Testing - 1458 Words

The No Child Left Behind Act and Standardized Testing: State, National, and International American Education has been a work in progress for the past century and a half. To measure its progress, successes, and failings, there are standardized tests. These tests have been used to compare schools, states, and nations. The key subjects being tested as a universal measure are mathematics, reading, and science. To help improve the scores on these tests, the United States put into law the No Child Left Behind act in 2001. When mention of this act is made, it brings several serious questions to mind. What is the No Child Left Behind act? What is it doing for our education system on a local, national and international scale? And how does it†¦show more content†¦A pointed question would be: is it working? One of the purposes of standardized testing is to answer that question. In the U.S. today, there is a great deal of emphasis being placed on children passing the many standardized tests that have been imposed. By means of standardization, education can now be weighed an d have its progress tracked. The performance of students is now a matter of numbers and statistics. The most ambitious form of standardized testing as a form of comparison is the Program for International Student Assessment or PISA. This international testing includes 60 nations belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and ranks the performance of 15-year-old students in the core subjects. When the results of the 2009 PISA testing were released, the United States was faced with the harsh reality that our students are falling behind. American students placed 14th in reading literacy, which shows no improvement since 2000, 25th in mathematics, which is still below average, and 17th place in scientific literacy which was an improvement from the below average scores in 2006. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan granted that it was a small victory in his 2009 address, but he remained firm in the fact that America can do better (Duncan, 2010). Such ques tions as why the low scores are being produced and what to do about it are still a matter of heated debate. Members of the Common Core, who wrote an extensiveShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing1272 Words   |  6 PagesSynthesis Essay on Standardized Testing Standardized testing in the United States started in the mid- 1800’s (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). This kind of testing was originally created to measure students’ performance and progress in school (Standardized Tests - ProCon.org). In recent years, the public school system has relied heavily on the information this test provides, in doing so creating controversy. Other than being a student myself, and participating in multiple standardized exams such asRead MoreStandardized Testing : Standardized Tests1186 Words   |  5 Pages Standardized Testing Impact Standardized testing is known to improve students’ education, but is it really needed in school? Standardized testing determines whether a student is prepared for the next grade based on their test scores. While some students do great on their test others struggle a lot. Not all students are good test takers; majority of the students do good in school but struggle when it comes down to testing. While many agree that standardized testing helps improve studentsRead MoreStandardized Testing And Standardized Tests1204 Words   |  5 Pagessomething we have all nearly fallen asleep to over our years of standardized tests. I myself can be included with you in that experience and I hope to give you a little more information on these all too familiar tests this afternoon. Today we are going to look at the origins of standardized testing, the purpose of standardized testing, and standardized tests around the world. But first, I want to ask you another question: what is standardized t esting? Is it A) something that has been used for some time inRead MoreStandardized Tests : Standardized Testing963 Words   |  4 PagesOct 2015 Standardized Testing in Florida In recent years Florida’s standardized testing program has taken a turn for the worst. After doing away with the FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test) the debate has only grown due to flood of new tests being created such as the Florida Standards Assessment (FSA) or End of Course Exam (EOC). These tests are administered to test students’ abilities at the end of the school year. In spring of 2015, with only two months of testing between the EOC’sRead More Standardized Testing Essay836 Words   |  4 PagesStandardized Testing Scholar Bill Ayers believes standardized testing in schools does not accurately measure what is necessary to be successful in life. Ayers insists that Standardized tests such as the American College Test (ACT) and the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) measure specific facts and function which are among the least interesting and slightest important information that children should know. In an article titled â€Å"Testing the Right Way for Talent†, written by Hugh Price, arguesRead MoreStandardized Testing Should Be Standardized Tests1329 Words   |  6 PagesPretty much everybody in this generation has taken a standardized test in some level of schooling. A standardized test is defined as a â€Å"test that requires all test takers to answer the same questions, or a selection of questions from a common bank of questions, in the same way, and that is scored in a standard or consistent manner, which makes it possible to compare the relative performance of individual students o r groups of students† (â€Å"Standardized Test Definition†). There is lots of debate aroundRead MoreThe Use of Standardized Testing1088 Words   |  4 Pagesthe use of standardized testing has spanned centuries, some of the earlier studies include data from the early 1900’s. According to Frazier (2009), â€Å"there is a significant difference in scores on standardized tests when students have completed a technology education program†. This study shows a correlation between the use of technology within the school system and achievement on standardized tests. Students that are exposed to technology education are more likely to do well on standardized tests. Read MoreEssay On Standardized Testing1137 Words   |  5 PagesStandardized testing in public schools has become a norm across the United States. But, in Texas it has been found that students spend more time taking standardized tests than any other state (â€Å"Too Much Testing†). Standardized testing may be an asset to measure education, or more measure testing skills across the nation, but at what cost does it come? What are its effects on moral within the public education system, and how does the state government of Texas interact within it. Why does the TexasRead MoreThe Shortcomings of Standardized Testing1636 Words   |  7 PagesSince the U.S. Congress passed the No Child Left Behind program, standardized testing has become the norm for American schools. Under this system, each child attending a school is required to take a standardized test at specific grade points to assess their level of comprehension. Parents, scholars and all stakeholders involved take part in constant discussions over its effectiveness in evaluating students’ comprehension, teachers’ competency and the effects of the test on the education system. ThoughRead MoreThe Limitations Of Standardized Testing Essay705 Words   |  3 PagesThe limitations of â€Å"standardized testingà ¢â‚¬  as a rigid and narrow criterion for gauging the educational capabilities of students in public education. The criterion for standardized testing relies on narrow areas of knowledge that define a hierarchical imposition of â€Å"intelligence† testing that forces the student to perform ion a constrained academic environment. This type of testing has become a mechanized tool to reject the individual needs of the student in a linear testing methodology. The importance

Severance Packages for Employer

Question: What is the reason for using severance packages for employer/employee separation. Answer: Introduction Regardless of the reason for separation, it is the responsibility of human resource department to end employment. As Chhaochharia Kumar and Niessen-Ruenzi (2012) stated that, if employee/employer relation ends up in a wrong manner then an employee can say adverse things about the company to the potential customers. In this assignment, the role of severance packages in post-employment procedures has been analyzed. The parameters of employment packages that constitute a need for severance agreement have also been analyzed in this assignment. Evaluation the reason for using severance packages for employer/employee separation As Bieling (2012) stated that employee turnover always becomes expensive for an organization. Poor management can increase the turnover rate of a company. According to US Bureau of statistics, the turnover rate of employees enhances the cost of business by 33% (Cadman, Carter Lynch, 2012). As Fiss Kennedy and Davis (2012) stated that, there 12 major reasons for which an ethical or skilled employees leave an organization. They are such as the rude behavior of employers, work-life imbalance, misalignment of employees, lack of feedback and coaching, lack of decision making capability and lack of opportunity for growth and promotion. On the other hand, there are some critical conditions have been found for which an employer has to terminate an employee. One of the primary reasons is inadequate job performance. Sometimes employers have to terminate employees as they are not able to meet the necessary aspects of a job. As Larkin Pierce and Gino (2012) stated that, sometimes hostile business condition forces employers to terminate employment relations. Unacceptable behavior of employees such as revealing company secrets to outsiders, sexual harassment, verbal or physical threatening and excessive absenteeism are the leading causes of employment termination. In order to retain a good relationship with all employees, it is a good business decision to provide all employees with severance packages, regardless of the reason for employer/employee separation. Wal-Mart is an organization that endorses post-employment obligations. This agreement of Wal-Mart is known as Post-termination agreement (Martin Scarpetta, 2012). According to this agreement, a transition payment is given to ex-employees during the termination period. However, transition payments will not be given to employees if they violate any Wal-Mart policy. According to the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commissions (EEOC), there are various types of severance packages that need to be given to employees. They are such as unused leave credits, health and life insurance, health and accident benefits, pension credits and supplemental unemployment benefits (Bieling, 2012). As Larkin Pierce and Gino (2012) stated that, no federal law can force an employer to provide employee severance packages. It depends on upon the agreement between employees and employers. There are some factors on which the severance package depends. They are such as: Length of employees tenure with the employers Causes for which employment relationship ends such as misconduct of employees, company downsizing Financial condition of employers (bankruptcy or economic growth) It has been found that there are mainly two types of severance packages given by organizations. One is unconditional severance packages, where the company provides some advantages to ex-employees regardless of the reason for employee termination (Martin Scarpetta, 2012). Another severance package is given by companies depending on the relationship with employees. The advantage of unconditional severance package is that it can increase the reputation of the company in the mind of employees. However, it can raise the cost of the company unnecessarily. As Larkin Pierce and Gino (2012) stated that, in conditional severance package is that, it helps to increase employee commitment towards the enterprise so that they become eligible to receive severance packages. The major flaw is that, if an ex-employee does not receive a severance package, then he can say wrong things about the company to the potential customers. Determination of the ability of severance packages to safeguard an organizations competitive advantage and sustainability Voluntary severance packages are offered by organizations at the time that can provide benefit to the company by reducing the workforce and the cost of benefits and salaries. As Larkin Pierce and Gino (2012) stated that, severance packages are like "Golden handshake," where employee and employers both get benefitted. It helps the company to recruit new and talented employees with low wages instead of giving high salary to old and inefficient employees. It will help the company to retain its sustainability in the market by strengthening its workforce (Bieling, 2012). Severance package provides executives a sustainable package upon termination. Severance package includes different types of agreement between employers and employees, which make employees financially shackled that can motivate them to stay with companies for longer period (Larkin, Pierce Gino, 2012). It reduces the turnover rate of an organization and provides a competitive advantage in the market. Conclusion After analyzing different type of severance packages, it has been found that companies provide financial incentives to employees depending on the relationship between employer and employees. It helps to enhance the workforce of the organization by retaining and introducing skilled employees within the organization. Reference list Bieling, H. J. (2012). EU facing the crisis: social and employment policies in times of tight budgets.Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research,18(3), pp.255-271. Cadman, B., Carter, M. E., Lynch, L. J. (2012). Executive Compensation Restrictions: Do They Restrict Firms Willingness to Participate in TARP?.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,39(7à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 8), pp.997-1027. Chhaochharia, V., Kumar, A., Niessen-Ruenzi, A. (2012). Local investors and corporate governance.Journal of Accounting and Economics,54(1), pp.42-67. Fiss, P. C., Kennedy, M. T., Davis, G. F. (2012). 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